Arguably, the production of a protein is nearly the smallest element of the observable characteristic of an organism produced by the interaction of its genotype with the environment, and thus sort of the fundamental unit of phenotype, so, from that perspective, they are exactly the same thing.
They are not the same thing from any useful perspective. You can remove a (protein-coding) gene, or replace it, without altering the phenotype at all. You can make changes outside protein-coding regions and get large phenotypic changes.
